Oven suitable for use in the manufacture of tiles, pottery, and analogous ware, and for other purposes.



. C. DRBSSLER. OVEN SUITABLE FOR USB IN THB MANUFAGTURE 0F TILES, POTTERY, AND ANALOGOUS WARE, AND POR OTHER PURPOSES.

C. DRE'SSLER.

OVEN SUITABLE EOE USE IN TEE MANUEAOTUEE OE TILES, POTTERY, AND ANALOGOUS WARE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

APPLIOATION FILED MAE. I7, 1913.

1,1 16,036. Eatemed NOT. 3, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CONRAD DRESSLER, 0F MARLOW, ENGLAND.

OVEN SUITABLE FORVUSE IN THE MANUFAGTURE 0F TILES, POTTERY, AND ANALO- GOUS WARE, ANI) FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

ini 6,036.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov.. 3, tigres Application led March 17, 1913. Serial No. 754,938.

To alli/17mm it may concern.'

Be it known that I, CONRAD DREssLER, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Marlow, in the county of Bucks, England, haveinvented Improvements in or Relating to Ovens Suitable for vUse in the h'lanufacture of Tiles, Pottery, and Analogous lVare, and for other purposes, lof which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference more particularly to ovens of the kind suitable for use in the manufacture of tiles, pottery and analogous ware but suitable also for other purposes, for example enameling metal, annealing of glass and the like, in which coinbustion and heating chambers are arranged longitudinally within and structurally independent of the main chamber of the oven so as to be free to expand and contract in dependently thereof and through which the products of combustion are drawn by eX- hausting means in one direction only, the chambers being arranged at opposite sides of the passage-way through the mainchamber in such manner that air will be heated and caused to ascend at the opposite outer sides of the chambers to the top of the oven, then descend among the goods on a vehicle carrying the same and pass laterally from the vehicle beneath the said chambers to the outer sides thereof to be relieated and again circulated, as described in the specification of former Letters Patent No. 1,023,- 628 of 1912 granted to me. l

An object of the present invention is to facilitate uniform dow of heated air over and among the goods to be treated in order to effect a practical uniform heating thereof and the production of goods of substantially uniforml f good quality, in an 'easier and more reliabl Another object of the`invention is to enable the combustion and heating chambers, which are constructed of refractory material such as reclay, porcelain, bauxite and the like, to be made thin yet strong, so as to facilitate the transmission of heat there,.-V

through, and also to allow for ready eX- pansion and contraction thereof so as to avoid or minimize fracture of the chambers and consequent outlay in repairs-and loss of time.

e manner than heretofore.

To enable the first mentioned object to be attained, the main chamber of the oven,

the combustion chambers therein and the vehicle or each vehicle used for carrying the goods to be heated, are so relatively con structed and arranged that the goods will be supported in the upper part of the oven above or mainly above the level of the combustion chambers and the air heated between the outer sides of the combustion chambers and the oven wall will iiow to the upper part of the oven and over and among the goods therein and will thence descend through passages specially provided in the vehicle itself to horizontal outlets fre-ni which 'it`will pass under the combustion chambers to the outer sides thereof to be again heated and circulated, while heat radiated from the inner andupper sides of the chambers will be directed, to a "large extent, against the underside of the platform or main platform on the vehicle carrying the goods and be thusv utilized by conduction through the platform in heating the goods. Conveniently the combustion chambers may be curvilinear in transverse section.`

In the accompanying drawings, Figure shows in cross section a tunnel oven with vehicle constructed according to the present invention. Figs. 2, 3, fi and 5 are planviews taken on the lines A, A, B, B, C, C, and D, D, respectively of Fig. l showing the construction of the upper portion of the vehicle for carrying the goods-to be heated.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section, taken on the line E, E, of Fig. lfof partfef one of the combustion chambers. Figs. i? Aand 8 are cross sections showing modified constructions of combustion or heating chambers.

Referring to Figs. l to 6 inclusive,, l are the combustion and heating chambers arranged longitudinally within and structurally independent of the main chamber 2 of the ovens and at opposite sides of the passageway 3 for the vehicles carrying the goods.`

According to the constructional example shown in Figs. 1 to 5, the vehicle comprises a lower portion or truck adapted to travelk on rails i and an upper portion. The lower portion may conveniently, and as shown, comprise slabs 5 of refractory material carried by a metal frame 5a mounted on wheels arrangedto run on the rails f1 and supporting transverse blocks 5b of refractory material spaced apartto; form a series of transverse horizontal passages 5C. The upper ortion of the vehicle ma convenientl i coni- P y lower ends with the horizontal. passages The transverse walls may, as shown in Figs.

' 2 to inclusive, conveniently be/built up of blocks some of which, namely those marked 6, are made of rectangular or equivalent shape, as seen in plan, with vertical recesses 7 at opposite sides to receive'y the edge portions of vertical longitudinal plates 8 designed to form the sides of vertical passages 9, while other blocks, marked 6a, may be of approximately I shape as seen in plan, and arranged in pairs, also to form vertical passages 9 between them, thusbinding the whole structure together. The latter blocks have vertical recesses 7a in .their outer sides corresponding with the vertical recesses 7 in the blocks G to receive the edges of the adjacent plates 8. The'bloclis in one horizontal layer or course are arranged to break joint with those or some of those in the layer above or below. The lower end portions of the side walls 8 in the lowest set may be eX- tended outwardly, as by longitudinal blocks 10, (Fig. 1) resting on the blocks 5b, to bet-- ter direct the hot air issuing from the passages 9 and 5 to the passages 11 below the combustion chambers 1, whence it is drawn upward between these chambers and the side walls of theVV oven. The upper layer or course comprises transverse walls 6b with interposed channel shaped blocks 6 arranged in pairs to form continuations of the passages 9 formed by and between the blocks 6, 62L and plates 8 below. Upon the transverse walls, which may, as shown, be of uniform width for part of their height and then gradually extend outward to follow more or less the shape of the adjacent side portions of the combustion chambers 1, are placed flat horizontal slabs 12 forming a platform, to carry the goods to be heated. above which may be supported additional horizontal slabsl or platforms 13 to carry additional goods, the slabs having longitudinal openings 14 between them corresponding to and arranged above the vertical passages or lines 9.

The tunnel oven, as seen in cross section may, as shown in Fig. 1. have its side walls 14 for the greater portion of their height inclined inwardly and upwardly and carry an arch 15 of small curvature, the lower portions laa of the side walls bending more or less inward to the bottom of the oven, all with a, view to facilitating circulation of hot air around the combustion chambers 1, among the goods and through the passages or dues 9.

By the construction described, the air in the oven will be heated by heat conducted and radiated through the walls of the coinbustion chambers 1 and be thereby caused to rise between the said chambers and walls of the oven and then iiow in a uniform manner over and among the goods and thence descend through the vertical passages 9 to the horizontal passages 5c whence it will pass under the combustion chambers to again pass upward between the chambers and oven walls, as indicated by the arrows. At the saine time, heat will be radiated from the inner and upper sides of the combustion chambers against the underside of the platform 12 for the purpose hereinbefore mentioned.

Each combustion chamber 1 may advantageously and as shown/.be built up of curvilinear segments 16 fitted together at their edges and mounted upon suitable cradles or supports 17 spaced apart upon the ledge 18 at one side of the passageway 3 so as to form the air passagesll beneath them. C0nveniently, there may, as shown, be three segments of concavo-convex section, one segment being arranged to form the bottoni and the other two to form the opposite sides of the chamber which, in cross section, is therefore of approximately triangular shape, but with outwardly convex surfaces. rl`he adjacent edge portions of the lower and side segments may conveniently be arranged to interlock with each other so as to hold each other in place laterally, for which purpose the edge portions of the lower segment may be formed with right angled recesses 19 to receive correspondingly shaped projections or flanges 2O on the lower inner edge portions of the side segments. The upper edge portions of the side segments may simply abut against each other as shown at 21 and the joint be protected by a cover strip 22 which may be of crescent section and form a practically gas tight joint with the segments by sealing with sand. The segments 16 are or may advantageously be corrugated as shown, the corrugations extending transversely to the length of the combustion chambers, thereby providing large heat absorbing and radiating surfaces and enabling the segments to be made thin. The end portions 16a of longitudinally adjacent sections are adapted to fit one into the other (see Fig. 6), as for example plug and socket fashion.

According to' another construction. each combustion or heating chamber is made of a series of tubes of curvilinear or other suita- A line of Weakness so that any fracture of the chamber that may take place through expansion or contraction under the-action of heat shall take place along such line of weakness, and in order to prevent the assage of air or hot gases through the racture into the oven, the combustion chamber is provided externally with a longitudinal cover or closure arranged over the slit and so as to form a gas tight joint with the chamber. Such a construction of combustion chamber is shown in Fig. 7 wherein 24 is the thin slit extending longitudinally and partly through the upper side of the cham ber and 25 is the cover'or closure for such slit. T he longitudinal slit 24 may, as shown, extend partly through the wall of the chamber from Athe outer surface thereof andthe cover or closure Q5 be of concave channel shape in cross section and have its longitudinal edges extending into a longitudinal groove 26. The groove may be formed in the chamber at the sides 0f the slit, but preferably, it may. as shown, be formed by means of longitudinal ridges 26a -on the chamber. The edges of the cover or closure are sealed by suitable material, for example `sand or the like, contained in the groove. If

desi-red, the longitudinal slit may extend initially entirely through the wall of the y chamber, as shown in Fig. S.

"A combustion or heating chamber such as just described can be made of any convenient length and of circular, oval, square, triangular or similar shape in cross section with the longitudinal slit, groove, ridges and cover at its upper side as shown. In the examples shown in Figs. 7 and S, the chambers are of circular cross section. Chambers thus constructed may conveniently be used to form a longitudinal extension, or one of several longitudinalextensions, of a combustion chamber proper constructed as first herein described. Such chambers may however in some cases be used for the combustion chambers proper' as well as for the extensions (hereof that serre as heating chambers.

By either of the constructions described,

the wall of the combustion or heating chamber can be made comparatively thin to allow of eiiicient transmission of heat therethrough and yet a .fford considerable strength, while passage of air or other gases through the lonfritudinalvslit in the chamber wall..

whether the chamber become fractured along the slit by eXpansif'm.l or whether the slit be formed originally entirely through the wall, will be etfectually prevented by the sealed cover or equivalent closing means arranged over or opposite the slit.

The claims as hereunto appended, while referring only to combustion chambers are to be understood as covering heating radiating chambers generally, that is to say whether combustion actually takes place therein or whether highly heated gases only flow therethrough.

That I claim is l. A tunnel oven of the lind described,-v

andthe adjacentside walls of the main chamber is diverted laterally over the platform.

2. A tunnel oven of the kind described,

comprising a' main chamber,l combustion chambers arranged longitudinally in spaced relationship therein, a goods-supporting platform partially over-hanging the. said combustion chambers and flues extending downwardly from said platform between the combustion chambers, the platform and flues serving to cause heated air rising at the outer sides, of the combustion chambers to enter the oven space above the platform and then to descend through the latter to the oven region adjacent. to thebottom of the combustion chambers.

3. A tunnel oven of the kind described, comprising` a main chamber, combustion chambers supported at a distance from the walls thereof and from each other, a goodssupporting platform partially overhanging vthe said combustion chambers and fiues leading downward from the platform between the combustion chambers.

Ll. A tunnel oven of the kind described, comprising a main chamber, combustion chambers arranged longitudinally in spaced relationship therein and having the sides thereof nearest to the center line of the oven of upwardly and outwardly convex shape and a goods-supporting structure having its opposite sides conforming in shape and closely adjacent to the said curved sides of thec'om'bustion chamber and its upper side or platform located at a height substantially level with the top of the 'combustion chambers.

5. A tunnel oven of the kind described, comprising a main chamber, combustion chambers arranged longitudinally in spaced' relationship therein and made of substantially triangular section with outwardly convex sides, a goods-sum'iorting platforIn located ata height above and partially overlapping the\\combpstion chambers and lues leading downwardly from the platform between the combustion chambers.

6. In a tunnel oven of the kind described, a goods-supporting platform comprising a movable base, a cellular` superstructure upon said base constituting yertical -flues terminating` at the bottom in lateral passages and horizontal slabs surmounting the cellular superstructure and having longitudinal by such base and forming transverse Walls that are spaced apart longitudinally and increase in Width With increase in distance from the base and horizontal slabs surmounting said transverse Walls.

8. In a tunnel oven of the kind described,-

a goods-supporting platform comprising a movable base, a series of blocks supported by such base and forming transverse Walls spaced apart by longitudinal Walls, the said walls constituting vertical fiues terminating at the bottom in lateral passages, and horizontal slabs surmounting the series of blocks and spaced apart to correspond to the said iues.

9. In a tunnel oven of the kind described, a goods-supporting platform comprising a movable base, a series of blocks supported by such base and forming transverse Walls that increase in Width With increase in distance from the base and spaced apart by longitudinal Walls, the said Walls constituting vertical lues terminating at the bottom in lateral passages and horizontal slabs surmounting the series of blocks.

10. In a tunnel oven of the kind described, a combustion chamber slit longitudinally for the purpose specified.

11. In a tunnel oven of the kind described, a combustion chamber slit longitudinally thereof, and a cover surmounting the slit.

12. In a tunnel oven of the kind described, a combustion chamberhaving a longitudinal slit kat the upper part thereof and longitudinal ridges at opposite sides of said slit to constitute a groove and a cover extending longitudinally over said slit and having its edges extending into said groove.

13. In a. tunnel oven of the kind described, a combustion chamber having a three sided Wall of curvilinear shape in cross section and of corrugated shape in longitudinal section, such Wall comprising a bottom section the edge portions of which are formed With right angled recesses extending longitudinally thereof and two identical and interchangeable side segments also of corrugated shape in cross section and each formed at the lower edge with a longitudinal flange adapted to enter the coresponding recess in the bottom segment, the said side segments. extending inwardly fromI the edges of the lower segment to an apex Where they abut.

1&1. In a tunnel oven of the kind described, a combustion chamber comprising three curvilinear segments one having its longitudinal edges in a horizontal plane and the other pair extendinor inwardly from such edges to an apex WIiere they abut, and a cover surmounting said apex.

15. In a tunnel oven of the kind described, a combustion chamber comprising three curvilinear segments, one disposed with its convex surface lowermost and having its longitudinal edges in a horizontal plane and the other pair extending inwardly from such edges with the convex surfaces outermost to an apex where they abut and a cover surmounting said apex.

Signed at London, lEngland, this 6th day of March 1918.

f CONRAD DRESSLER.

Witnesses:

O. J. WORTH, W. E. Roenes.

istA 

